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EN Volume 12, Double-issue 1+ 2, October 2017, 240 pages
of the journal Hypnose – Zeitschrift für Hypnose und Hypnotherapie (Hypnose-ZHH)
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Table of Contents
- Claudia Wilhelm-Gößling und Cornelie Schweizer
The Hypnotherapy-Depression-Treatment-Manual – Hypnosis in clinical context. Work in progress - Heinz-Wilhelm Gößling
Sleep disturbance as a key symptom of depressive disorders – Sleep focused interventions in hypnotherapy for depression - Anil Batra und Kristina Fuhr
The therapeutic variety in the treatment of depression. The contribution of psychotherapy - Irving Kirsch
The Placebo Effect in the Treatment of Depression - Heiner Keupp
The exhausted self in psychology - Dirk Revenstorf
Selfcare - Alina Haipt, Katharina-Sophia Licht, Katja Dehnen, Saskia Deppermann, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Dirk Revenstorf, Ann-Christine Ehlis
A psychophysiological comparison of hypnotic trance and relaxation: a pilot study - Burkhard Peter, Tanja Prade, Emilia Geiger und Christoph Piesbergen
Hypnotisability, personality style, and attachment of 15 - 19 year old students. An exploratory study - Hansjörg Ebell
Hypno-therapeutic communication: Core element of a Resonance Based Medicine - Maria Hagl
Efficacy research in the field of clinical hypnosis in 2016
Abstracts
Claudia Wilhelm-Gößling und Cornelie Schweizer
The Hypnotherapy-Depression-Treatment-Manual – Hypnosis in clinical context. Work in progress
Hypnose-ZHH 2017, 12 (1+2), 7-28
The development, the system as well as the content of the therapeutic manual of the Milton Erickson Society (MEG) "Hypnotherapeutic Depression Therapy (HDT) in mild to moderate depression" and two case studies are presented. The efficacy of HDT compared with cognitive behavioral therapy is currently investigated in a randomized clinical trial in the psychiatric-psychotherapeutic outpatient clinic of the Universitätsklinukum Tübingen (Prof. Dr. A. Batra). The 31 modules of the manual were written by a group of authors and then revised for the manual in a way that an individual overall treatment plan can be created. The clinical procedure can be individually modified and adapted to the respective treatment requirements by the selection of the modules plus by their specific content design. The individual modules take into account the specific depressive symptoms as well as current and biographical stress or traumatic factors and provide specific instructions for the clinical-therapeutic process. Above all instuctions are given for adapting hypnotherapeutic strategies to the existing differences in the ego structure and functional capacity (according to OPD-2, Axis IV/Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, PDM-2). Therfore the HDT-Manual allows a „Structural-based-Hypnotherapy“.
Key words: Treatment of depression, hypnotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy, manual
Heinz-Wilhelm Gößling
Sleep disturbance as a key symptom of depressive disorders – Sleep focused interventions in hypnotherapy for depression
Hypnose-ZHH 2017, 12 (1+2), 29-50
Sleep disturbances are an important risk factor for beginning and relapsing of depressive disorders. They are a key symptom at the interface between biological und psychological impact on depression and therefore an effective target for specific therapeutic interventions. Hypnosis and hypnotherapy offer a large repertoire of sleep focused interventions. Standardized modular forms are available from some of the described interventions. These modules are part of the therapeutic manual "Hypnotherapeutic Depression Therapy (HDT) in mild to moderate depression", which contains 31 therapeutic modules totally. At present the efficacy of HDT is investigated by a controlled, randomized study at the department of psychiatry and psychotherapy of the University of Tübingen.
Key words: Sleep disturbance, depressive disorders, hypnosis, hypnotherapy, therapeutic manual
Anil Batra und Kristina Fuhr
The therapeutic variety in the treatment of depression. The contribution of psychotherapy
Hypnose-ZHH 2017, 12 (1+2), 51-61
The increase in the burden of disease by depressive diseases in industrialized countries calls for greater attention from research, prevention and treatment. While the current therapy guidelines mainly focus on cognitive behavioral therapies as well as pharmacotherapy, there is still low evidence-based evidence for the recommendation of other psychotherapy methods (for example, third wave of behavioral therapy or hypnotherapy). There is also a great need for research on efficacy of psychotherapy in general. An evaluation of ongoing research activities in hypnotherapy „clinicaltrials.gov“ shows that only a few studies are conducted in a randomized clinical design. The “WIKI-D” study is an exception – this study compares a 20-session hypnotherapy to cognitive behavioral therapy with regard to equivalency. We still are at the beginning of the development of individualized therapy concepts in depression treatment. Only a higher degree of individualization through the diversification of the range of services and the establishment of clear allocation criteria will improve the treatment resources for depressed persons.
Key words: Depression, behavioural therapy, psychotherapy, hypnotherapy
Irving Kirsch
The Placebo Effect in the Treatment of Depression
Hypnose-ZHH 2017, 12 (1+2), 63-80
Antidepressants are supposed to work by fixing a chemical imbalance, specifically, a lack of serotonin in the brain. But analyses of the published and the unpublished data that were hidden by the drug companies reveal that most (if not all) of the benefits are due to the placebo effect. Some antidepressants increase serotonin levels, some decrease serotonin, and some have no effect at all on serotonin. Nevertheless, they all show the same therapeutic benefit. Instead of curing depression, popular antidepressants may induce a biological vulnerability making people more likely to become depressed in the future. Other treatments (e.g., psychotherapy and physical exercise) produce the same short term benefits as antidepressants, show better long term effectiveness, and do so without the side effects and health risks of the drugs.
Key words: Antidepressants, placebo, depression, psychotherapy
Heiner Keupp
The exhausted self in psychology
Hypnose-ZHH 2017, 12 (1+2), 81-102
Currently, there is an inflationary pre-occupation with the subject of burnout, which has pervaded almost all professional groups as well as the private worlds of many in global capitalism. It is clear that the helping professions are seen as especially prone to exhaustion. Is it enough to recommend more "self-care" or "mindfulness"? It remains imperative to contextualize psychosocial work and, at the same time, to work on overcoming the increa-sing "social blindness" or "social amnesia" in current psychology. The anticipated trium-phal march of the entire PSY-guild has been cut short since the 1980s. The erstwhi-le utopian energies are also considered to have been exhausted in the course of neoliberal globalization, and the psychosocial professions are in a general social crisis mode. Psycholo-gy is affected by the social changes in an fundamental way. Critical reflection on these trends has been rather tentative and must be continued and intensified. The fatigue symp-toms of PSY-professionals in particular require an examination of their origins and preconditions.
Key words: Professonalisation, psychosocial practice, critic of profession, postmodern social conditions, neoliberal anthropology, psychosocial ressources
Dirk Revenstorf
Selfcare
Hypnose-ZHH 2017, 12 (1+2), 103-113
In spite of a high level of quality of life the rate of depression and anxiety is increasing in western civilizations. Modern culture encourages self exploitation of various types, which help to adapt to the demands to achieve but limit the spectrum of experience in the long run. Selfcare counteracts this development and is the basis for the ability to help others. There are several aspects of selfcare, part of which dying persons often regret to have neglected: mindfulness, communion, authenticity, empathy, thankfulness and to be able to forgive. Fostering these abilities results in personal happiness, psychological wellbeing and promotes compassion.
Key words: selfcare, mindfulness, communion, authenticity, empathy, thankfulness, forgiveness
Alina Haipt, Katharina-Sophia Licht, Katja Dehnen, Saskia Deppermann, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Dirk Revenstorf, Ann-Christine Ehlis
A psychophysiological comparison of hypnotic trance and relaxation: a pilotstudiy
Hypnose-ZHH 2017, 12 (1+2), 115-140
This pilot study aims at finding differences between hypnotic trance and relaxation. Previous studies used the Cerebral State Index (CSI) to measure the depth of trance (Bock, 2011) and heart rate variablity (HRV) to differentiate trance from relaxation (Diamond, Davis, & Howe, 2008). In this study both measures were combined. Each five high and low suggestible participants were induced to relaxation and trance. The results suggest that relaxation was different from trance in high suggestibles for both measures. The CSI and HRV decreased during trance, as well as the high frequencies of the HRV, while the low frequencies of the HRV increased. These results indicate that in high suggestibles the influence of the autonomic nervous system shifted in trance compared to relaxation while participants were less awake. This was in line with the participants‘ subjective evaluation of trance depth.
Key words: hypnosis, trance, relaxation, Cerebral State Monitor, heart rate variability
Burkhard Peter, Tanja Prade, Emilia Geiger und Christoph Piesbergen
Hypnotisability, personality style, and attachment of 15 - 19 year old students. An exploratory study
Hypnose-ZHH 2015, 10 (1+2), 141-172
This article is an exploratory study investigating the relationship between hypnotizability, personality style, and attachment. Data were collected from 99 students by means of the HGSHS:A, PSDI, and RSQ. Results suggest that individual personality styles accounted for a significant amount of variance in hypnotizability in: (a) the whole sample, (b) the securely attached, and (c) the insecurely attached. High hypnotizables among both the whole sample and securely attached individuals shared the unselfish/self-sacrificing personality style as a main predictor of hypnotizability and displayed elevated scores for the charming/histrionic and the optimistic/rhapsodic personality style. Furthermore, two groups were identified among the high hypnotizables that differed mainly according to attachment style: one consists of securely attached, charming/histrionic, and optimistic/rhapsodic people, who are best described by socio-cognitive theories. The other is composed of insecurely attached intuitive/ schizotypal people, who are better depicted by dissociation theories.
Key words: hypnotizability, personality style, attachment
Hansjörg Ebell
Hypno-therapeutic communication: Core element of a Resonance Based Medicine
Hypnose-ZHH 2017, 12 (1+2), 173-202
Interactions between health care professionals and their patients should focus on carefully-chosen goals and appropriate means to achieve those goals. Arguments for or against particular diagnostic and therapeutic measures will need to be continuously evaluated. In this respect not only objective findings but also discussions as well as personal assessments can prove decisive. An atmosphere of reciprocal resonance between the caregiver and the careseeker creates the optimal conditions for the application of professional expertise. System-theoretical theses regarding the regulation within complex, self-referential systems – and among such systems – can serve as a map that offers orientation in an unknown territory. Therapeutic communication is an exchange that focuses on the potential benefits it can yield for the stated goal. Here, a posture of confident expectation will prove constructive and effective. This quality of intersubjective resonance has proven itself helpful and effective in both counseling and psychotherapy, as well as in medicine. Moreover, using hypnosis and self-hypnosis demonstrates that trance phenomena can also be utilized as resources (Milton H. Erikson) within the context of an adequate complete therapeutic concept. „Resonance Based Medicine“(RBM) is a concept that refers to the fundamental significance of intersubjective resonance for all interactions in the service of health. It is a proposal that invokes the scientific application of an analogy to physical resonance as encountered in disciplines such as systemic theory, psychology, philosophy and sociology. „Resonance Based Medicine“ is an understanding of medicine that treats intersubjective communication and relationship as the basis of all diagnostic consideration and therapeutic action. The onomatopoeic similarity to „Evidence Based Medicine“ (EBM), the scientific gold standard today, is intentional. Both concepts, EBM and RBM, can and should complement each other. Viewed from the perspective of interventions the cause and effect relationship (pathogenesis) requires a perspective on interrelation that features resources and growth potential in order to call upon the inherent possibilities of the individual (salutogenesis). Both aspects are characteristic for a clinical medicine in which patient-centered communication is practiced. Both must be unconditionally respected in the face of chronic illness with its complex structure of objective and subjective factors. The professional challenge of fostering an atmosphere of growth for the patient is particular valid for the relationship between physician and patient; hypnotherapeutic communication emanates from an attentiveness and receptivity that makes it a particularly suitable core element here.
Key words: resonance, Resonance Based Medicine (RBM), Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), intersubjective resonance, patient centered communication, therapeutic communication, hypnotherapeutic communication, biopsychosocial approach, salutogenesis
Maria Hagl
Efficacy research in the field of clinical hypnosis in 2016
Hypnose-ZHH 2017, 12 (1+2), 203-216
Each year a literature search, funded by the Milton Erickson Society of Clinical Hypnosis in Germany, is performed for newly published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating clinical hypnosis, as well as for respective meta-analyses. In 2016, twelve trials with randomized or quasi-randomized designs and clinical samples that evaluated hypnosis in relation to a control group were published, as well as two studies that evaluated interventions that combined hypnotherapeutic and cognitive-behavioural methods. Results from these studies and from the 2016 published meta-analyses add to the evidence for hypnosis showing additional benefit in the treatment of somatic syndromes by also reducing accompanying psychological symptoms. Particularly sleep problems might be a worthwhile secondary outcome for meta-analytic evaluation, for example, in oncological or gynaecological studies. In addition, there are ongoing and recently completed trials that will increase the knowledge concerning the efficacy of hypnosis in the treatment of sleep problems.
Key words: Hypnosis, hypnotherapy, efficacy, effectiveness, psychotherapy research, randomized controlled trials, RCT.